Bibliography And Credits

Altman, Lawrence K., Who Goes First? The Story of Self-Experimentation in Medicine. New York: Random House, 1986.
Bean, William B., Walter Reed: A Biography. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1982.
Chase, Allen, Magic Shots: A Human and Scientific Account of the Long and Continuing Struggle to Eradicate Infectious Diseases by Vaccination. New York: William Morrow, 1982.
Cirillo, Vincent J., “Fever and Reform: The Typhoid Epidemic in the Spanish-American War.” Journal of the History of Medicine 55 (2000): 363-397.
Cosmas, Graham A., An Army for Empire: The United States Army in the Spanish – American War. Shippensburg, Pa.: White Mane, 1994.
“The Deadly Camp Fever and Its Prevention.” Journal of the American Medical Association 30 (4 June 1898): 1359.
Gillett, Mary C., The Army Medical Department 1865-1917. Washington: Center of Military History, United States Army, 1995.
Hardy, Anne,“‘Straight back to Barbarism’: Antityphoid Inoculation and the Great War, 1914.” Bulletin of the History of Medicine 74 (2000): 265-290.
Hume, Edgar H., Medicine and War. n.p., 1948.
Kelly, Howard A., Walter Reed and Yellow Fever. Baltimore: Norman, Remington, 1923.
Leavitt, Judith W., Typhoid Mary: Captive to the Public’s Health. Boston: Beacon Press, 1996.
Reed, Walter, Victor C. Vaughan, and Edward O. Shakespeare, Abstract of Report on the Origin and Spread of Typhoid Fever in U. S. Military Camps During the Spanish War of 1898. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1900.
______., Report on the Origin and Spread of Typhoid Fever in U. S. Military Camps During the Spanish War of 1898. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1904.
Rosenau, M. J., L. L. Lumsden, and Joseph H. Kastle, Report on the Origin and Prevalence of Typhoid Fever in the District of Columbia. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1907.
Russell, Frederick F., “The Prevention of Typhoid Fever by Vaccination and by Early Diagnosis and Isolation.” The Military Surgeon 24 (June 1909): 479-518.
______., “A Season’s Experience with Prophylactic Vaccination against Typhoid.” Johns Hopkins Hospital Bulletin 21 (February 1910): 51-52.
Steiner, Paul E., Disease in the Civil War: Natural Biological Warfare in 1861-1865. Springfield, Ill.: C. C. Thomas, 1968.
Sternberg, George M., “The Address of the President.” Journal of the American Medical Association 30 (11 June 1898): 1373-1380.
______., Sanitary Lessons of the War. n.p., 1899.
Sternberg, Martha L., George Miller Sternberg: A Biography. Chicago: American Medical Association, 1920.
Tigertt, W. D., “The Initial Effort to Immunize American Soldier Volunteers with Typhoid Vaccine.” Military Medicine 124 (May 1959): 342-349.
U. S. Congress, Senate Report of the Commission to Investigate the Conduct of the War Department in the War With Spain. 8 volumes. 56th Congress, 1st Session, 1900. Senate Document 221.
U. S. Treasury Department, Annual Report of the Surgeon-General of the Public Health and Marine-Hospital Service of the United States for the Fiscal Year 1909. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1909.
U. S. War Department, Report of the Surgeon-General of the Army to the Secretary of War for the Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 1897. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1897.
______. Report of the Surgeon-General of the Army … Reports for 1898-1912.
Vaughan, Victor C., A Doctor’s Memories. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1926.
Ziporyn, Terra., Disease in the Popular American Press: The Case of Diphtheria, Typhoid Fever, and Syphilis, 1870-1920. Westport, Conn., New York, and London: Greenwood Press, 1988.

This exhibit was written by Noel G. Harrison, a graduate student in The Corcoran Department of History at the University of Virginia and an intern in Historical Collections and Services at the Claude Moore Health Sciences Library, University of Virginia during the fall of 2002. The Web exhibit was prepared and designed by Mike Wilson and Sara Huyser. Special thanks to Bart Ragon, Joan Echtenkamp Klein, and Hal Sharp for their assistance.

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