Credits

Special Thanks to Paul A. Lombardo

Alison White and Ina Hofland, staff members of Historical Collections & Services at the Claude Moore Health Sciences Library, University of Virginia, created this Web exhibit. They also created the physical exhibit of the same title on which it is based. The physical exhibit was displayed in the foyer of the Health Sciences Library April-September 2002. Steve Stedman designed the Web exhibit. Special thanks to Sara Huyser, Joan Echtenkamp Klein, Ophelia Payne, Bart Ragon, Hal Sharp, and Mike Wilson for their assistance.

We would also like to thank and acknowledge a large debt of gratitude to Paul A. Lombardo. He generously lent us his time and expertise, as well as access to his personal collection of materials about eugenics and Buck v. Bell; neither the Web exhibit presented here nor the physical exhibit that was displayed in the Health Sciences Library’s foyer would have had nearly the depth and insight into the entwined stories of eugenics and Carrie Buck without his counsel. He has lived with the story of Carrie Buck since he first met her in Charlottesville, Virginia, a meeting that was fortuitous. Although she died shortly after their meeting, Lombardo became her champion and ensured that justice was eventually done for Carrie and others like her, who had suffered at the hands of adherents to the pseudo-science of eugenics.

For permission to reproduce any of the text or images owned by Historical Collections & Services or to make comments or suggestions, please contact a member of Historical Collections.

Web Exhibit Publish Date: February 13, 2004

Web Sites

http://www.ushmm.org/museum/exhibit/online/deadlymedicine/
“Deadly Medicine: Creating the Master Race,” an online exhibition created by the Holocaust Museum, chillingly demonstrations how Adolph Hitler used eugenics, and the scientists and physicians who embraced racial hygiene, to legitimize the Nazi regime’s attempt to exterminate all European Jews.
http://buckvbell.com/pdf/EugenicsBibliography.pdf
Read a detailed bibliography of eugenics compiled by Paul A. Lombardo and Gregory M. Dorr.
http://www.eugenicsarchive.org/eugenics/
Delve deeper into the eugenics movement. View the vast image archive and exhibits created by the Dolan DNA Learning Center and the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory.
http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Galton.html
Find out more about the father of eugenics, Sir Francis Galton. Read his biography at the School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St. Andrews, Scotland.
http://www.pbs.org/wnet/dna/episode5/
Think it could never happen again? Check out what may be the new age of eugenics on PBS affiliate WNET’s thought-provoking series: DNA.

Bibliography

Alexander, Leo. “The Eugenics Record Office at Cold Spring Harbor, 1910-1940: An Essay in Institutional History,” OSIRIS, 2: 225-264 (1986)
Bell, J. H. “Eugenics of the Development of the Human Race,” Virginia Medical Monthly, 727 (February 1931)
Bird, Randall, and Allen, Garland. “The Papers of Harry Hamilton Laughlin, Eugenicist,” Journal of the History of Biology 14 (Fall 1981)
Dugdale, R. L. “The Jukes” A Study in Crime, Pauperism, Disease and Heredity (New York: G.P. Putnam’s Sons, 1884)
Goddard, Henry H. The Kallikak Family: A Study in the Heredity of Feeblemindedness (New York: Macmillan, 1912)
Kuhl, Stefan. The Nazi Connection: Eugenics, American Racism, and German National Socialism (New York: Oxford University Press, 1994)
Lombardo, Paul A. “Facing Carrie Buck,” Hastings Center Report, 33, No. 2 (March-April 2003)
Lombardo, Paul A. “Involuntary Sterilization in Virginia: From Buck v. Bell to Poe v. Lynchburg, Developments in Mental Health Law, 3 (July-September 1983)
Lombardo, Paul A. “Carrie Buck’s Pedigree,”The Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine, 138: 278-282 (2001)
Lombardo, Paul A. “Pioneer’s Big Lie” Albany Law Review, 66, No. 4 (2003)
Lombardo, Paul A. “Taking Eugenics Seriously: Three generations of ??? are enough,” Florida State University Law Review Number, 30 (Winter 2003)
Lombardo, Paul A. “Involuntary Sterilization in Virginia: From Buck v. Bell to Poe v. Lynchburg,” Developments in Mental Health Law, 3 (July-September 1983)
Lombardo, Paul A. “Carrie Buck’s Pedigree,” The Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine, 138:278-282 (2001)
Lombardo, Paul A. “Three Generations, No Imbeciles: New Light on Buck v. Bell,” New York University Law Review, 60: 30-62 (1985)
Reilly, Phillip R. The Surgical Solution: A History of Involuntary Sterilization in The United States (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1991)
Robitscher, J.D. Eugenic Sterilization (Springfield, Illinois: Charles C. Thomas, 1973)
Selden, Steven. Inheriting Shame: The Story of Eugenics and Racism in America (New York: Teachers College Press, 1999)

Exhibit Photo Credits

1.1 Photograph of Supreme Court Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes. Courtesy of the Library of Congress.
2.1 Photograph of Sir Francis Galton. Courtesy of the American Philosophical Society.
2.2 Faces and Races Illustration is Courtesy of Special Collections, Pickler Memorial Library, Truman State University.
2.3 Photograph of Harry H. Laughlin and Charles Davenport at the Eugenics Records Office. Courtesy of Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Archives.
2.4 (a) Kallikak family of New Jersey pedigree chart. Courtesy of the American Philosophical Society.
2.4 (b) Pedigree chart for allergies. Courtesy of the American Philosophical Society.
2.4 (c) A.B.W. family music pedigree chart. Courtesy of Special Collections, Pickler Memorial Library, Truman State University.
2.5 Eugenics display. Courtesy of the American Philosophical Society.
2.6 Winners of Fittest Family Contest. Courtesy of the American Philosophical Society.
2.7 Photograph of Harry H. Laughlin. Courtesy of American Philosophical Society.
2.8 Comparative Intelligence chart. Courtesy of the American Philosophical Society.
2.9 (a) Virginia’s Racial Integrity Act of 1924. Courtesy of Paul A. Lombardo.
2.9 (b) Virginia’s Eugenical Sterilization Act of 1924. Courtesy of Paul A. Lombardo.
2.9 (c) Virginia Sterilization Form. Courtesy of Paul A. Lombardo.
3.1 Photograph of Carrie and Emma Buck at the Lynchburg Colony. Courtesy of M.E. Grenander Department of Special Collections, State University of New York at Albany.
3.2 Emma Buck’s marriage license. Courtesy of Paul A. Lombardo.
3.3 Carrie Buck’s pedigree. Courtesy of Special Collections, Pickler Memorial Library, Truman State University.
3.4 Collage image from The Lynchburg Story, a film distributed by Filmakers Library, produced in association with Discovery Networks/USA, producer, Bruce Eadie, director, Stephen Trombley, 1993.
3.5 Photographs of Albert Priddy, Aubrey Strode, and Irving Whitehead. Courtesy of Special Collections, Library of Virginia.
3.6 Photograph of infant Vivian Buck and nurse. Courtesy of M.E. Grenander Department of Special Collections, State University of New York at Albany.
3.7 Photograph of J.H. Bell. Courtesy of Journal of Heredity, 1934.
3.8 Photograph of the Halsey Jennings Building at the Lynchburg Colony. Courtesy of Paul A. Lombardo.
4.1 Photograph of H.E. Jordan and image of his publication, “Eugenics: The Rearing of the Human Thoroughbred.” Courtesy of Historical Collections, Claude Moore Health Sciences Library, University of Virginia.
4.2 Photograph of Joseph S. DeJarnette. Courtesy of The Virginia Challenge (March 1, 1947), “A publication of the Citizen’s Temperance Foundation.”
4.3 Poem written by Joseph S. DeJarnette. Courtesy of Paul A. Lombardo.
4.4 Eugenics Tree Logo. Courtesy of the American Philosophical Society.
4.5 Proceedings of the First National Conference on Race Betterment, 1914.
4.6 (a) Invitation sent Laughlin by University of Heidelberg. Courtesy of Special Collections, Pickler Memorial Library, Truman State University.
4.6 (b) Letter from Laughlin to Dean of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Heidelberg. Courtesy of Special Collections, Pickler Memorial Library, Truman State University.
4.6 (c) Letter from Laughlin to Dean of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Heidelberg. Courtesy of Special Collections, Pickler Memorial Library, Truman State University.
4.7 Map of countries adopting enforced sterilization laws in 1936. Courtesy of Paul A. Lombardo.
5.1 Photograph of Carrie Buck shortly before her death. Image from The Lynchburg Story, a film distributed by Filmakers Library, produced in association with Discovery Networks/USA, producer, Bruce Eadie, director, Stephen Trombley, 1993.
5.2 (a) Photograph of Carrie Buck with her first husband, William Eagle. Image from The Lynchburg Story, a film distributed by Filmakers Library, produced in association with Discovery Networks/USA, producer, Bruce Eadie, director, Stephen Trombley, 1993.
5.2 (b) Photograph of Carrie Buck with her second husband, Charlie Detamore. Image from The Lynchburg Story, a film distributed by Filmakers Library, produced in association with Discovery Networks/USA, producer, Bruce Eadie, director, Stephen Trombley, 1993.
5.3 Vivian’s first grade report card. Courtesy of Paul A. Lombardo.
5.4 Historical marker erected on May 2, 2002. Courtesy of Historical Collections, Claude Moore Health Sciences Library, University of Virginia.