University of Virginia Historical Collections at the Claude Moore Health Sciences Library

French Caricature: Footnotes & Resources

Footnotes

  1. Judith Wechsler, A Human Comedy; Physiognomy and Caricature in 19th Century Paris, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1982, p. 14.
  2. The Cult of Images (Le Culte des Images): Baudelaire and the 19th-century Media Explosion, UCSB Art Museum, University of California, Santa Barbara, April 6-May 8, 1977, Santa Barbara, California: UCSB Art Museum, University of California, 1977, p. 42.
  3. Beatrice Farwell, The Charged Image; French Lithographic Caricature 1816-1848, Santa Barbara, California: Santa Barbara Museum of Art, 1989, p. 18.
  4. To see this stela, go to commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Polio_Egyptian_Stele.jpg
  5. To see other lithographs by Grandville, including more in his Les Metamorphoses du Jour series, go to www.davidsongalleries.com/artists/grandville/grandville.html
  6. Beatrice Farwell, The Charged Image; French Lithographic Caricature 1816-1848, Santa Barbara, California: Santa Barbara Museum of Art, 1989, p. 97.
  7. In A Tale of Two Cities, a story set during the French Revolution, Charles Dickens writes, “Expressive signs of what made them poor, were not wanting; the tax for the state, the tax for the church, the tax for the lord, tax local and tax general, were to be paid here and to be paid there,…” p. 108.
  8. Lois N. Magner, A History of Medicine, New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc., 1992, p. 230.
  9. Otto L. Bettmann, A Pictorial History of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois: Charles C. Thomas, 1956, p. 234.
  10. Otto L. Bettmann, A Pictorial History of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois: Charles C. Thomas, 1956, p. 236.
  11. Matthew Ramsey, Professional and Popular Medicine in France, 1770-1830: The Social World of Medical Practice, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988, p. 118.
  12. Matthew Ramsey, Professional and Popular Medicine in France, 1770-1830: The Social World of Medical Practice, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988, p. 119.
  13. Honoré Daumier, Doctors & Medicine in the Works of Daumier, New York: Tabard Press, [198?], various pages.
  14. Nina Maria Athanassoglou-Kallmyer, Eugène Delacroix; Prints, Politics and Satire 1814-1822, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1991, p. 28.
  15. Nina Maria Athanassoglou-Kallmyer, Eugène Delacroix; Prints, Politics and Satire 1814-1822, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1991, p. 31-32.
  16. Louis Joseph Halle, French Caricature under Louis-Philippe, undergraduate honors thesis at Harvard, [manuscript], 1932, p. 22.
  17. Elizabeth K. Menon, “The Utopian Mayeux: Henri de Saint-Simon Meets the Bossu a la Mode,” Canadian Journal of History, Vol. 33, August 1998, p. 249.
  18. For more information about kyphosis, see www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001240.htm
  19. Judith Wechsler, A Human Comedy; Physiognomy and Caricature in 19th Century Paris, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1982, p. 84.
  20. Ann F. La Berge, Mission and Method; The Early Nineteenth-century French Public Health Movement, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992, pp. 283-288.
  21. Ann F. La Berge, Mission and Method; The Early Nineteenth-century French Public Health Movement, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992, p. 231.
  22. Ann F. La Berge, Mission and Method; The Early Nineteenth-century French Public Health Movement, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992, p. 232.
  23. www.projectwildlife.org
  24. Valerie Fildes, Wet Nursing: A History from Antiquity to the Present, New York: Basil Blackwell, 1988, p. 221.
  25. For more on abandoned children and wet nursing, see France in the Age of Les Misérables at www.mtholyoke.edu/courses/rschwart/hist255-s01/index.html and select Life on the Street and then Abandonment.
  26. Valerie Fildes, Wet Nursing: A History from Antiquity to the Present, New York: Basil Blackwell, 1988, p. 222-228.
  27. Valerie Fildes, Wet Nursing: A History from Antiquity to the Present, New York: Basil Blackwell, 1988, p. 146.
  28. Valerie Fildes, Wet Nursing: A History from Antiquity to the Present, New York: Basil Blackwell, 1988, p. 147.
  29. Beatrice Farwell, The Charged Image; French Lithographic Caricature 1816-1848, Santa Barbara, California: Santa Barbara Museum of Art, 1989, p. 95.
  30. Judith Wechsler, A Human Comedy; Physiognomy and Caricature in 19th Century Paris, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1982, p. 98.
  31. www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-2506300075.html
  32. Judith Wechsler, A Human Comedy; Physiognomy and Caricature in 19th Century Paris, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1982, p. 102.
  33. Harold Wellington Jones, “Caricatures: Especially Medical Caricatures,” Bulletin of the Medical Library Association, Vol. 31, No. 2, April 1943, p. 110. (This can be found on-line at www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC194178/)
  34. Petra Ten-Doesschate Chu, “A Review of The Art of Louis Leopold Boilly: Modern Life in Napoleonic France by Susan L. Siegfried,” Nineteenth-Century French Studies, Vol. 25, No. 1-2, Fall-Winter 1996, p. 230.
  35. Ewa Lajer-Burcharth, “A Review of The Art of Louis Leopold Boilly: Modern Life in Napoleonic France by Susan L. Siegfried,” Art Bulletin, Vol. 79, No. 4, December 1997, p. 728.
  36. Beatrice Farwell, The Charged Image; French Lithographic Caricature 1816-1848, Santa Barbara, California: Santa Barbara Museum of Art, 1989, p. 127.

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